Wednesday, 21 March 2007 - 2:55 PM

Design, Application, and Evaluation of a Fuel Cell Vehicle

Julian Gardner, Rick Hurt, Ron Fifield, Yahia Baghzouz, and Robert Boehm. University of Nevada, Las Vegas

As part of a project to develop a hydrogen filling station for the Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), the Center for Energy Research (CER) at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) has as a major thrust the development of hydrogen powered vehicles. The purpose of this thrust is multifaceted, including: the desire to have vehicles that operate on hydrogen, the need to develop local expertise in this technology, and the need to evaluate how these kinds of vehicles operate in the generally hot, dry local climate. Fuel cell performance in these kinds of climatological conditions is of very practical interest to FC development companies, as FCs may not perform as well in these environments as in more temperate ones. Work started with a Taylor Dunn Electruck, a plug-in electric utility vehicle. The vehicle was then modified to operate in a hybrid configuration with a fuel cell. A commercial fuel cell power system was received from the manufacturer as a complete unit that incorporated its own air compressor and water recirculation system. A problem frequently encountered in the conversion of vehicles to hybrid power with stand-alone subsystems is that preassembled components are not sold in a configuration that allows for efficient integration into a vehicle. Since we wished to maintain the complete initial exterior vehicle appearance as nearly as possible, various components of the FC unit had to be disassembled and reconfigured to allow for the most efficient integration in the vehicle frame. Compliance with design parameters set forth by the manufacturer required that the saturated water produced by the FC be gravity fed out of the unit into the recirculation system. Satisfying this requirement in a manner that allowed for an efficient integration into the vehicle required further modification to the recirculation system. Once the fuel cell was installed, subsequent testing and data collection provided a means by which to base a comparison of factory performance and performance with fuel cell integration was accomplished. Testing also demonstrated that the modifications made to the recirculation system satisfied the original design parameters. The power unit is self controlled, but load limits on the fuel cell required the installation of additional power control elements which were installed to allow for a satisfactory power sharing between the battery bank and the fuel cell. The power sharing was refined iteratively. Two tanks were installed for fuel storage. Complete design details as well as vehicle performance are presented in the paper.

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