Tuesday, 20 March 2007 - 2:15 PM

Pioneering Experiences in Permitting and Safety of Integrated Hydrogen Systems

Susan Schoenung, Maria Chiesa, Rupert Gammon, Hiroshi Ito, Maria Maack, Shannon Miles, and Bengt Ridell. Longitude 122 West, Inc.

Under the auspices of the International Energy Agency's Hydrogen Implementing Agreement, a working group has been evaluating and comparing experiences with integrated hydrogen demonstration systems, including a comparison of permitting requirements and safety designs. The group, Task 18 Evaluation of Integrated Systems, has considered recently developed projects for both vehicle refueling stations and also renewables-based fuel cell power systems with hydrogen as an energy storage medium. Specific projects include hydrogen vehicle fueling stations in Malmö, Sweden, Reykjavik, Iceland, and Vancouver, Canada. Also included are renewables-powered domestic residences in England and Italy, and a building load-leveling system in Japan. These experiences are compared with a combined power and fueling station in Las Vegas, in the United States. In general the experience has been that there are few formal standards or approaches for permitting and safety, so that at each facility developers worked with local fire officials and referred to other standards, such as those for natural gas. In several cases, safety has been provided by building special facilities or separate spaces for the different subsystems. The various permitting experiences and codes or standards applied are described in this paper. A standardized approach is recommended for future projects.

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