Tuesday, 20 March 2007 - 11:00 AM

Hydrogen Production through Chemically Driven Electrolysis

Reinder Boersma and Jack Shindle. CTP Hydrogen

The paper discusses the application of a dense ceramic membrane for the production of hydrogen from carbonaceous fuels. The membrane consists of a mixture of two ceramic phases, one of which is conducive to oxygen ions and the other to electrons. The process is driven by the difference in chemical potential between a fuel on one side of the membrane and steam on the other. As a result oxygen is removed from the steam and passes as an oxygen ion through the membrane, leaving hydrogen behind. After passing the membrane the ion oxidizes the fuel and releases the electrons which move back to the steam side through the electronic phase. Thus the electrons are available for continued reduction of steam to produce hydrogen. Reactions on either side of the membrane are sped up by the application of catalysts. The membrane was applied onto a porous substrate and demonstrated capability of converting reformed, sulphur bearing fuels such as gasoline, diesel and biofuels into hydrogen. In addition capability of thermal cycling and rapid re-heating was demonstrated and as a result of the membrane being dense, extremely low cross over rates and thus high purity of the hydrogen was established (>99.8%). At the operating temperature of 950°C hydrogen is produced at a rate of 3.5ml/cm2/min (i.e. 3.5 ml of hydrogen per cm2 of membrane per minute). To obtain hydrogen quantities of practical interest methods of arraying of membrane coated tubes will be discussed. The number of tubes in the array is anticipated at 25-30, each having a membrane area of 20-25cm2. The array is part of a system that also addresses the thermal fluid flow requirements of the process. A system will be discussed where the hydrogen from the system is fed to a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, whereby approximately 400-800W of electricity can be generated at an efficiency in excess of 30%. The system has approximately the size of a desktop computer (8”x18”x18”) and is designed using off the shelf components; feasibility of substantial weight and volume reductions with custom components will also be discussed.

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